Cow pox

Variola vaccinia

Zoonosis caused by the poxvirus bovis (orthopoxvirus). The main pathogen reservoir is rodents (e.g. rats), but humans, cats and cattle can be infected.

• Risk groups: Atopic, immunosuppressed patients.

Transmission occurs via rodents and cattle, but mainly via cats. Skin lesions serve as entry ports. 

• After erythema, papulovesicles and pustules occur, ulceration occurs (after approx. 2 weeks). In addition to local swelling, painful lymphadenitis is often seen. Sometimes a reduced general condition, febrile temperatures and eye involvement can be observed. 

Clinic, electron microscopy (negative contrast), serology, pathogen detection.

• In almost 50% of cases the hands or fingers are affected, otherwise the face and neck.

• Topically antiseptic 

• Approved systemic drugs do not exist. Cidovir showed efficacy in studies, but its use is to be discussed due to potentially lethal side effects.

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